|
|
【关于宠巴网】宠巴网，专业的巴哥交流网站。你想知道的巴哥信息，在这里都有。作者：来源网络
注：该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版，已发布于CKU官网-犬种百科
05.05.2003 / EN
FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 45 号
BERNESE MOUNTAIN DOG
伯恩山犬
本图片不一定代表该犬种的理想例子
ORIGIN: Switzerland.
起源：瑞士
Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 7/26/1954
FCI正式认可日期：1954年7月26日
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD:25.03.2003.
正式生效标准发布日期：2003年3月25日
UTILIZATION: Originally used as a guard-, draught-and cattle dog on farms in the Canton Bern, today also family dog and versatile working dog.
用途：开始在伯尔尼县农场用于警卫或者拉农具以及牧牛，今天是家庭犬和多功能工作犬。
FCI-CLASSIFICATION:
Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer type-Molossoid breeds- Swiss Mountain and Cattle-Dogs.
Section 3 Swiss Cattle Dogs.
Without working trial.
FCI分组：
第二组：宾莎犬和雪纳瑞类-獒犬，瑞士山地犬和瑞士牧牛犬组
第三类：瑞士牧牛犬
无需工作测试
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:
The Bernese Mountain Dog is a farm dog of ancestral origin which was used as a guard and draught dog and for driving cattle in the prealpine regions and in the midland areas around Bern. Originally he was named “Dürrbächler” according to the name of the hamlet and of the inn of Dürrbach, near Riggisberg in the Canton Bern where these long-haired tricoloured farm dogs were especially numerous. In 1902, 1904 and 1907 specimen of this breed had already been exhibited at dog shows, and in 1907 some breeders of the region of Burgdorf decided to promote the pure breeding of these dogs by founding the “Schweizerischer Dürrbach-Klub”, and fixing the characteristic traits of the breed. In 1910, at a show in Burgdorf where many farmers of that region brought their Dürrbächler dogs to, already 107 specimen were shown.
From that day onward this dog, renamed “Bernese Mountain Dog” following the example of the other breeds of Swiss Mountain Dogs, became rapidly appreciated all over Switzerland and in the
neighbouring parts of Germany. Today the Bernese Mountain Dog is well known and appreciated all over the world as a family dog thanks to its striking tricoloured coat and its great adaptability.
历史沿革：
有贵族气质和古老血统的伯恩山犬，在瑞士中部的牧场已有很长时间了。伯恩山犬是瑞士四种山地犬之一，因它的原产地是伯尔尼而得名。伯恩山犬和其它几种瑞士山地犬一样出名，但却是四种犬中惟一有着长而丝状被毛的犬。2000年前，入侵的罗马军队将这几种犬的祖先带到了瑞士。但直到第一次世界大战的前几年，他们几乎被所有伯尔尼居民遗忘。在Duerrbach地区，仍能找到伯恩山犬，但因为杂交，已经不能辨认出纯种犬。1982年，一位瑞士人，Franz Schertenleib，试图找到较好的伯恩山犬作为种犬，他的研究进行了很长时间，最终获得成功。阿伯特•黑恩（Albert Heim）教授，一位伟大的地质学家，同时又是一位研究和鉴定犬的专家，在他的努力下，恢复了伯恩山犬的地位。1907年，成立了伯恩山犬俱乐部，许多瑞士人发现他们很喜欢伯恩山犬，他们将伯恩山犬作为宠物饲养。
GENERAL APPEARANCE:
Longhaired, tricoloured, strong and agile working dog, of above medium size, with sturdily built limbs; harmonious and well balanced.
整体外貌：
长毛、三色、强壮且敏捷的大型工作犬，有结实的四肢，整体和谐而平衡。适合在山区拉车和驱赶牲畜。
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:
Height at withers : length of body (measured from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock) = 9 : 10, rather compact than elongated.Ideal relation of height at withers : depth of chest = 2 : 1.
重要比例：
肩高：身长=9:10，紧凑不宜过长。理想的肩高和胸深比例是2:1
BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:
Self-confident, attentive, vigilant, fearless in every day situations; good-natured and devoted to his own people, self-assured and placid towards strangers ; of medium temperament, docile.
行为/秉性：
自信，机警，温和。不凶狠也不害羞。尽管伯恩山犬会避开陌生人，但姿态坚定。
HEAD: 头部
Strong. In size balanced to general appearance, not too massive.
强壮。与整体外观相协调，不过大。
CRANIAL REGION: 颅部区域
Skull: Viewed from the front and in profile little rounded. Frontal furrow hardly marked.
头骨：从侧面和正面看有点圆，额头皱纹不明显。
Stop: Well defined, but without being too pronounced.
额段：明显，但不是很突出。
FACIAL REGION: 面部区域
Nose: Black.
鼻：黑色。
Muzzle: Strong, of medium length; nasal bridge straight.
口吻：强壮，中等长度；鼻梁直。
Lips: Close fitting; black.
嘴唇：紧闭，黑色。
Jaws/Teeth: Strong, complete scissor bite (molars 3 (M3) are not taken into consideration). Pincer bite accepted.
颌/齿：结实，完全剪状咬合（不考虑M3），允许水平咬合。
Eyes: Dark brown, almond-shaped, with close fitting eyelids. Neither too deep-set nor prominent. Loose eyelids are faulty.
眼睛：深棕色，杏仁状，眼睑紧。不能深陷或突出。眼睑松弛属缺陷。
Ears: Medium-sized, set high, triangular in shape, slightly rounded at the tips, in repose hanging flat and close to the head. When alert, the rear part of the set-on is raised while the front edge of the ear remains close to the head.
耳朵：中等大小，耳根位置高，三角形，尖端略圆，休息时耳尖贴头部下垂。当犬处于戒备状态时，耳根立，耳尖仍贴近头部。
NECK: Strong, muscular, of medium length.
颈部：颈部强壮，肌肉丰满，中等长度。
BODY: 躯干
Topline: From the neck running slightly downwards to the withers in a harmonious line, then running on straight and level.
背线：从颈部以和谐线条微向下至肩胛骨，然后呈水平直线。
Back: Firm, straight and level.
背：结实，平直。
Loins : Broad and strong; seen from above slightly less broad than the chest.
腰：宽且强壮，从上面看比胸部略窄。
Croup: Smoothly rounded.
臀：平滑的圆形。
Chest: Broad and deep, reaching to the elbows; forechest distinctly developed; ribcage of wide-oval section extending as well back as possible.
胸：宽且深，达肘关节。前胸发育明显，胸腔呈横的椭圆型，向后伸展。
Underline/belly: Slightly rising from chest to hindquarters.
腹线：从胸部向后躯略升起。
TAIL: Bushy, reaching at least to the hocks; hanging straight down when at rest; carried level with back or slightly above when moving.
尾：被毛浓密，长度至少达跗关节；休息时尾下垂；运动时与背部水平或略高。
FOREQUARTERS: 前躯
LIMBS : Strong bones.
四肢：骨骼强健。
General appearance : Forelegs seen from the front straight and parallel, standing rather wide apart.
整体外观：从前面看，前腿直且平行，站立时相当分开。
Shoulder : Shoulder blade long, strong and well laid back, forming a not too obtuse angle with the upper arm, well attached to the chest, well muscled.
肩：肩胛骨长，强壮，与前臂形成一个不太钝的角，紧贴着胸，肌肉发达。
Upper arm: Long, set oblique.
上臂：长，倾斜。
Elbows: Close fitting; neither turned in nor out.
肘：紧贴身体，既不外翻也不内翻。
Forearms: Strong, straight.
前臂：结实，直。
Metacarpus (Pastern): Seen from the side almost upright, firm; seen from the front in straight line with the forearm.
掌骨（系部）：从侧面看几乎垂直，结实；从前面看与臂部成直线。
Forefeet: Short, roundish; with well-knit, well-arched toes. Turned neither in nor out.
前足：短，圆；紧闭，脚趾拱形，既不内翻也不外翻。
HINDQUARTERS: 后躯
General appearance: Seen from the rear straight and parallel, not too close.
整体外观：从后面看垂直且平行，不太紧靠。
Upper thigh:Long, broad, strong and well muscled.
大腿：宽、长，强壮，肌肉发达。
Stifle (Knee): Distinctly well bent.
后膝关节: 弯曲明显。
Lower thigh: Long and oblique.
小腿：长且倾斜。
Hock: Strong, well angulated.
跗关节：强壮，角度适当。
Metatarsus: Set almost vertically. Dewclaws to be removed (except in those countries where it is prohibited by law).
跖骨：几乎垂直，狼爪去除（除在有法律禁止的国家之外）。
Hind feet: Slightly less arched than forefeet, turned neither in nor out.
后足：拱起比前趾略小，既不内翻也不外翻。
GAIT/MOVEMENT:
Sound and balanced movement in all gaits covering a lot of ground; free stride reaching well out in front, with good drive from behind; at the trot, coming and going, legs moving forward in a straight line.
步态/动态：
所有步态均健全而平衡，覆盖大量地面；前躯充分伸展，后躯有力；小跑时，四肢落地点趋向身体的中心线。
COAT: 被毛
Hair:Long, shining, straight or slightly wavy.
毛质：被毛长，有光泽，直毛或微弯曲。
Colour: Jet black main colour with rich tan markings on the cheeks, above the eyes, on all four legs and on the chest, and with white markings as follows :
Clean white symmetrical markings on the head : blaze extending towards the nose on both sides to a muzzle band; the blaze should not reach the tan markings above the eyes, and the white muzzle band should not extend beyond the corners of the mouth.Moderately broad, unbroken white marking on throat and chest.Desirable : white feet, white tip of tail.Tolerated : small white patch on nape of neck, small white anal patch.
毛色: 纯黑为主色，褐色斑纹位于：面颊、眼上方、四肢及胸部。白斑位于以下位置：
头部对称白色：向鼻子两侧延伸；不应到达眼睛上方的茶色，口角的白斑不超过嘴角。颈和胸部，中等宽度，不间断的白斑。理想：脚白色，尾尖白色。允许：颈背有少量白色。肛门少许白色。
SIZE: 尺寸
Height at the withers:
for dogs : 64-70 cm, ideal size : 66-68 cm.
for bitches : 58-66 cm, ideal size : 60-63 cm.
肩高：
雄性 64～70cm；理想高度66～68cm。
雌性 58～66cm；理想高度60～63cm。
FAULTS: 缺陷
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
Unsure behaviour.Fine bones.Irregular set of the incisors provided that the bite remains correct.Absence of any other theeth than 2 PM1 (premolars 1); the M3 (molars 3) are not taken into consideration.Coat : - Distinctly curly coat. - Faults of colour and markings : - Absence of white on head. - Blaze too large and/or muzzle band reaching noticeably beyond the corners of the mouth. - White collar. - Large white patch on nape of neck (maximum diameter more than 6 cm). - White anal patch (maximum size 6 cm). - White markings on forelegs reaching distinctly beyond half-way of pasterns (“boots”). - Disturbingly asymmetrical white markings on head and/or chest. - Black ticks and stripes within the white on the chest. - “Dirty” white (strong spots of pigmentation). - Black coat with a touch of brown or red.
任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及其对犬的健康和福利的影响成比例。
行为不定。骨头纤细。咬合完整时，门牙不规则。缺乏其它牙齿而不是2颗PM1,M3不考虑在内。被毛： －明显曲毛。 －颜色和斑点缺陷： －头无白斑。 － 白斑过大和/或口角上的白斑明显超过嘴角。 －白颈 －颈背白斑大（最大直径大于6cm）。 －肛门周围白色（最大6cm）。 －前脚白斑超过掌高的一半。 －头和/或胸有不对称的白斑。 －胸上的白斑有黑色点和条纹。 －“脏的”白斑（严重着色）。 －黑色被毛中有褐色或者红色斑点。
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷
Aggressive, anxious or distinctly shy.Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.Split nose.Undershot or overshot mouth, wry mouth.One or two blue eyes (wall eye).Entropion, ectropion.Kinky tail, ring tail.Short coat, double coat (Stockhaar).Other than tricoloured coat.Other main colour than black.
好斗，焦虑或者明显害羞。任何身体和行为有异常的犬都认为异常。鼻子裂开。长下颚或者短下颚嘴巴，歪嘴巴。单眼或双眼蓝色。内翻或者外翻。尾巴成圆形或者弯曲。被毛短，双层毛（直毛）。不同于三色毛。主色不是黑色。
N.B.：
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.
注：
公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。
▲ 犬只各部位名称（FCI标准通用）
【关于本文章】此文章来源于网络，如果侵权，请联系网站管理。【关于宠巴网】宠巴网，专业的巴哥交流网站。你想知道的巴哥信息，在这里都有。 |
|
，请备注来自“宠巴网”。
中间组
